Sexual And Asexual Reproduction
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What is asexual reproduction?
Only needs one part of the organism. Does not require presence of male and female parts Offspring are IDENTICAL to the parent.
Name the 7 types of asexual reproduction
Binary fission Mitosis Budding Parthenogenesis Regeneration Plant cutting Runners
What is binary fission?
When the cell duplicates its genetic material and divides into two seperate cells.
What is mitosis?
Process similar to binary fission. The only difference is it is more complex.
What is budding?
A bud firms on one side of the cell and breaks off to form its own cell when it’s big enough.
What is parthenogenesis?
Asexual reproduction found in females where growth of embryos occurs without fertilization by a male.
What is regeneration?
Process where organisms make new parts to replace old ones or create a new organism from a part of themselves
What are runners?
When the stem of a plant continues to grow and eventually touches the ground. When it touches the ground, new roots will form and this bent over stem becomes a new plant.
What is plant cutting?
When a part of a plant is cut off and replanted and is able to grow into a new plant.
Which organisms reproduce via binary fission?
Bacteria, monerans and protists
Which organisms reproduce via regeneration?
Starfish and worms
Which organisms reproduce via mitosis
Only human body cells
Which organisms are runners?
Strawberry plant and trembling aspen tree
Which organisms reproduce via budding?
Yeast and Hydra
Which organism uses plant cutting?
Roses
Which organisms reproduce via parthenogenesis?
Water flea, aphids, and some bees, reptiles and fish
What is sexual reproduction?
Requires the involvement of a male and female parent. Offspring may share many similarities with their parents but they have a unique genetic makeup made up of genes from both parents.
Name the three ways that sexual reproduction occurs in plants.
1) By means of flowers 2) By means of spores 3) By means of cones
What are the female parts of the flower called?
Carpel (or pistil)
What are the male parts of the flower called?
Stamen
Name all of the parts that make up the carpel
Stigma, style, ovary, ovule (which are in ovary)
Name all the parts that make up the stamen.
Filament and anther
What is pollination?
The anthers produce pollen which must land on the pistil in order to fertilize a flower so it can produce seeds. Pollination can be due to the wind or other organisms like birds and bees.
What is self-pollination?
Occurs when pollen is transferred to the pistil of the same flower.