Cell ultrastructure

• Nucleus, Nucleolus, Nuclear envelope+ nuclear pore(not on spec) • Rough and Smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, Ribosome • Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Chloroplast, Plasma membrane • Centrioles, Cell wall, Flagella and Cillia

• Has nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin and nucleolus • Contains chromatin (DNA wound around histones)

• Controls activities of the cell - Contains coded genetics information in the form of DNA molecules

-Double membrane which surrounds the nucleus->protects for enzymes

• Pores in the nuclear envelope - Allows substances in and out of cell-> mRNA leave the nucleus + steroid hormones enter the nucleus

• Contains proteins and RNA - Makes ribosomes

• System of membranes, containing cisternae(fluid filled cavities) that is continuous with nuclear membrane • Covered with ribosomes

• Site of protein synthesis - Provides large SA for ribosome-> assemble amino acid to proteins

• System of membrane, contains cisternae (fluid filled cavities) that is continuous with nuclear membrane • Has no ribosomes

-Responsible for the synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid hormones

• A group of fluid filled, membrane bound, flattened sacs - Vesicle seen at the edge of sacs

• Role in modifying and packaging proteins • Secretory vesicles bring materials to/from golgi • Makes lysosomes

• Surrounded by 2 membrane-> inner+outer • Inner membrane folded into a cristae • Inner part has a matrix(fluid filled)-> contains enzymes involved respiration

• Site of aerobic respiration-> ATP produced - Are self replicating-> made when energy is needed

• Round organelles surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure • Contains hydrolytic enzymes

• Responsible for breaking down organelles/cells - Break down pathogens

• Surrounded by double membrane • Granum-> contains chloroplast • Each stack of granum-> thylakoids • Thylakoids is linked together->lamella • Fluid filled matrix-> stroma

• Site of photosynthesis - >Some part in grana, other in stroma

• Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell - Has receptor molecules

• Floats freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum • Made of ribosomal RNA

• Site of protein synthesis - 70s= Prokaryote 80s=Eukaryote

-Transports substances in/out of cell + between organelles

• Outside of the plasma membrane - Made from of cellulose

• Is strong and prevent plant cell from bursting when turgid (swollen) • Maintain cell shape, are permeable + solutions to allow solutions to pass through