Homeostasis
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Definition of homeostasis
The ability of the body to maintain internal equilibrium despite fluctuations in the external environment
Differences between glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis- formation of glycogen Glycogenolysis- glycogen into glucose Gluconeogenesis - lipids and amino acids into glucose
Function of the liver in blood glucose regulation
• stores glycogen (glycogenesis) • used by liver cells for liver function
What happens to glucose in the bloodstream
• circulates in the blood (maintain blood glucose levels) • used by cells for energy • muscle glycogen stores (glycogenesis) • converted to fat for storage
Feedback loop for low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
Stimulus - low blood sugar Receptor- alpha cells-islets of langerhans Modulator- islets of langerhans Effector- alpha cells, adrenal medulla, liver & muscles Response- cortisol, adrenaline and glucagon released. Glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis occur. Blood sugar is increased
Feedback loop for high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)
Stimulus- high BS Receptor- beta cells-islets of langerhans Modulator- beta cells Erector- beta cells, liver, muscles Response- ⬆️ glucose uptake into liver, muscle and adipose cells by making their membranes more permiable to glucose. Transport proteins increase glucose uptake. Activates glycogen making enzymes & glycogenesis
What is metabolic rate
The rate of energy released into the body by breaking down food