mutation and variation
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what is a mutation
a mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence
what causes natural mutations
DNA replication requires copying a huge number of base pairs and mistakes occasionally happen, leading to natural mutations.
what are mutagens
Mutations occur naturally, but some factors can increase the chance of mutations occurring.
what are some examples of mutagens
Radiation – such as X-rays Chemicals – such as chemicals in tobacco and alcohol UV light – from the sun, or in solariums
what type of damage is caused by radiation exposure and what are some examples
exposure to radiation can cause cancers and birth defects. some examples of mutation due to radiation are the hiroshima and the chernobyl meltdown
what type of damage is caused by chemical exposure and what are some examples
exposure to chemicals can cause cancers and birth defects. caused by: tobacco/ alcohol use thalidomide
what type of damage is caused by UV exposure and what are some examples
over exposure to UV light from the sun or solariums - incresed risks of skin cancer and melanoma
why is genetic variation important within species
Allows species to adapt to changes in the environment Allows the ongoing survival of the species
what are adaptations
adaptations is a characteristic or behaviour that allows a species to survive more effectively.
what does advantageous mutations lead to
they lead to the creation of new species