alkanes and alkenes
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general alkane formula
CnH2n+2
what is a homologous series
a group of organic compounds which react in a similar way
features of alkanes
• saturated compounds, all have single C-C carbon bonds • first four are methane, ethane, propane, butane • is a hydrocarbon
what homologous series are alkanes and alkenes in
hydrocarbon
features of alkenes
• contain one double carbon bond in their formula, meaning they are unsaturated and are therefore more reactive then alkanes • formula is CnH2n
what can alkenes do that alkanes cannot
they can form polymers
how to tell the difference between an alkane and alkene
Alkenes will react with bromine water and turn it from orange/brown to colourless
what is a functional group
an atom or a group of atoms which determine which determine the chemical properties of an organic compound • e.g alkenes functional group is double bond carbons
alkenes combustion
• ususally incomplete as there is not enough oxygen alkene + oxygen –> carbon +carbon monoxide + water and a smokey yellow flame and less energy
alkenes addition reaction
the double carbon bond will open up to leave a SINGLE BOND and a new atom is added to each carbon
alkenes reaction with hydrogen
• double bond opens • forms a saturated alkane • this is called hydrogenation and needs a catalyst
alkenes reaction with steam
• forms alcohol as water is added across the double bond • needs a temperature over 300 degrees and needs a catalyst, this is called hydration
alkenes reaction with halogens
• double bond opens • halogen is added to one of the carbons • this is called halogenoalkane