Introduction to Biology
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Q: What is biology?
A: The scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions.
Q: What does unicellular mean?
A: An organism made of one cell (e.g., amoeba, paramecium).
Q: What does multicellular mean?
A: Organisms made of many cells working together (e.g., plants, humans).
Q: What does colonial mean?.
A: A group of organisms living together that share functions but can survive independently (e.g., Volvox)
Q: List the 8 characteristics of living things.
A: Cellular organization, reproduction, genetic control, growth, metabolism, sensitivity, adaptation, movement.
Q: What did Aristotle contribute to biology?
A: Early classification—grouped living things as plants or animals and animals by habitat.
Q: Who is Gallen (Galen)?
A: Greek physician; father of anatomy through animal dissections.
Q: Who is Andreas Vesalius?
A: Father of modern anatomy; performed detailed human dissections.
Q: Who is Marcello Malpighi?
A: Father of microscopic anatomy; studied tissues and organs under a microscope.
Q: Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?
A: Father of microbiology; discovered bacteria, protozoans, sperm cells, and blood cells.
Q: Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
He is the father of taxonomy and invented the two-name system for organisms.
Q: What did Robert Hooke discover?
A: Observed cork under a microscope; named “cells.”
Q: What did Matthias Schleiden discover?
A: Stated that all plants are made of cells.
Q: What did Theodor Schwann discover?
A: Stated that all animals are made of cells; father of cell theory.
Q: What did Rudolf Virchow propose?
A: All cells come from pre-existing cells (“Omnis cellula e cellula”).