Infectious and Noninfectious Disease Midterm 1

Contagious- Illness caused by pathogens (eg. Influenza)

Illness caused by something that is not a pathogen (eg. Cancer)

Level of ability of a pathogen to cause disease

Nope Most of the time they’re very helpful.

Contagious - able to spread from one individual to another - Applies to both direct and indirect transmission

Time of infection to first clinical symptoms - varies with pathogen - can vary with dose

Time where the infection is transmissible

Contagious prior to symptoms

Contagious after symptoms start

When the immune system kicks in

Viruses By the way, most of them make you sick >:(

No, they need a host cell

The time from infection to the time where the infection is transmissible

Hard to make vaccines from, but easy to kill with alcohol (It destroys the envelope)

Hard to kill with alcohol, but easier than enveloped viruses to make vaccines for

• Get into the cell • Release DNA or RNA • Hijack host cell machinery for replication • Latency period • Shedding of viral particles

Pox virus - many are zoonotic Parvo viruses Herpes viruses

Rhabdoviruses (Rabies) Corona viruses

-High mutation rate makes it very hard to make vaccines for - immune cell memory is infected due to the antigen changing so often

RNA can be shared amongst viruses, making entirely new codes

Prokaryotic, single celled organisms Most are very helpful -Fewer than 100 species are known to cause disease

Bacilli (rod) Spirilla (spirals) - cork screws - comma Cocci (spherical)

Length of time it takes for a bacteria to reproduce - some bacteria form spores

Distinguishes bacteria into gram negative and gram positive bacteria