5.3.2 qualitative analysis
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testing for carbonate
add any dilute acid and observe effervescence bubble gas through limewater to test for CO2 - will turn limewater cloudy 2HCl + Na2CO3 > 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 fizzing due to CO2 would be observed if a carbonate was present
testing for sulfate
acidified BaCl2 - reagent if barium chloride is added and sulfate ions are present, white ppt forms Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) > BaSO4 (s) acid reacts with carbonate impurities that are found in salts which would form a white barium carbonate ppt, false result
halide ions test
made acidic with nitric acid > reacts with carbonates to prevent Ag2CO3 formation, masking observations silver nitrate, AgNO3 silver chloride + dilute ammonia > [Ag(NH3)2]+ silver bromide + conc ammonia > [Ag(NH3)2]+ silver iodide doesnt react - too insoluble
test for ammonium
react warm NaOH to form NH3 identified by pungent smell or turning red litmus paper blue