S1 - Ionic compounds
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What is ionic bonding?
The transfer of electrons when a non-metal and metal react together
What happens in ionic bonding?
Atoms lose of gain electrons to form charged particles (called ions)
Why are the ions strongly attracted to each other?
Because of the attraction of opposite charges (+ and -)The attraction is known as electrostatic attraction and gives ionic compounds high mp and bp
What is it called when an atom loses electrons?
Oxidisation
What is it called when an atom gains electrons?
Reduction
What atoms are keen to get rid of there one electron in their shell? Why?
Atoms on the left side of the period table in group 1 and two (sodium, potassium, calcium…) They have one or two electrons in there outer shall and want to get ride of them so they only have full shells
What atoms are keen to get extra electrons? Why?
Atoms on the right hand side of the period table in groups 6 and 7 (oxygen, chlorine…) There outer shells are nearly full which is why they want to finish them and become an ion
What four groups are most likely to form ions?
Group - 1, 2, 6 and 7
What are group 1&2 and what happens to the electrons?
They are metals and lose electrons to form +ve ions (cations)
What are group 6&7 and what happens to the electrons?
They are non-metals and gain electrons to form -ve ions (anions)
What happens when a cation meets a anions?
They attract to each other to form an ionic compound
On what side of the period table will form ionic compounds a give an example
Only elements at opposite sides like Na and Cl
Why does it matter that elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell?
They will loss or gain the same number to get a full outer shell meaning they form ions with the same charge