digestion

carbohydrates protiens fats vitamins minerals water (kind of) fibre

to break down large, insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed by the body and used by body cells to release energy through cellular respiration (mitochondria)

mouth oesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine (including colon (the part that absorbs water) and rectum (the part that stores waste)) anus

salivary glands

chewing in mouth churning in stomach purpose: break food into smaller pieces by physical or mechanical means such as crushing, grinding, and mixing.

done by enzymes which hydrolyse food molecules into smaller, soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

biological catalysts produced by the body that speed up the rate of some chemical reactions, including chemical digestion.

physical digestion: chewing - increases surface area to vol ratio of the food which allows it to be digested faster and makes food easier to swallow chemical digestion: salivary glands produce salivary AMYLASE which digests STARCH (carbohydrates) into glucose

muscular tube that contracts and relaxes rhythmically to push the food down towards the stomach no phy digestion occurs here although oesophagus does not release any digestive juices, there is chem digestion of starch by salivary amylase that is mixed by the food

mouth - physical - chewing stomach - physical - churning small intestine - chemical - lipase

mouth - physical and chemical - chewing and salivary amylase stomach - physical - churning small intestine - chemical - amylase and maltase

mouth - physical - chewing stomach - physical and chemical - churning and protease small intestine - chemical - protease

physical churns to break food into smaller pieces and mixes it with gastric juice chemical gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and proteases hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and provides the right condition (acidic pH) for proteases to act proteases digest proteins the stomach has a thick layer of mucus to protect its tissues from damage caused by the hydrochloric acid and proteases in the gastric juice

glucose