Oxygen deficit, steady state
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Deficit
An amount of something is too small
O2 deficit(when does it occur, what is it, result of it)
• the situation that arises when we move from rest to exercise • when we do not give our respiratory, circulatory and cardiovascular systems sufficient time to be able to supply energy demands of the body • therefore other anaerobic energy sources are tapped to supply the ATP for performance
do trained atheltes experience less o2 deficit?
yes, because - more mitochondira - more myoglobin in blood
o2 deficit equation
o2 deficit= amount of oxygen required for the task(had all the energy been supplied aerobically) - amount the body was able to supply (until the point where our body can reach a steady state)
Why does oxygen deficit occur?
because the respiratory and circulatory systems take some time to adjust to the new oxygen demand (even at low exercise intensities) - amount of o2 supplied lags behind the amount needed until the systems make the necessary adjustments required to increase oxygen supply
What adjustments does the body conduct to cease oxygen deficit?
• increase respiratory rate • increase tidal volume (volume we can take in of o2 • increase heart rate-> pump out more • increase stroke volume (pumps harder, more blood leaves the heart in one go
definition for oxygen deficit
the amount of energy which has to be supplied by anaerobic metabolic processes in the early minutes following the start of exercise due to the slow increase in o2 uptake.
how could oxygen deficit occur again?
• increased pace • going uphill
describe graph of o2 consumption and time during an o2 deficit
parabolic graph-> negative
when is the aerobic steady state reached?
when there is a balance between the amount of energy needed for activity and the amount of energy being supplied aerobically in the body.
how is the aerobic steady state shown on the graph?
• heart rate • on a graph of either heart rate or respiration rate as a plateau or flat line.
oxygen deficit and oxygen debt graph
photos
When do athletes achieve an aerobic steady state?(numerically)
can achieve an aerobic steady state at any point within their aerobic training zone - varies as being anywhere between 60-85% of MHR (maximum heart rate) - considered to be most effective in the 65-75% MHR region- the person can still carry on a conversation (talk test) THIS IS NOT IMPORTANT, ONLY THE TOP BIT
What happens when the athlete moves from one steady state to another?
• occurs when an athlete moves from one steady state to another, within their aerobic training zone(a percentage range of an individual’s maximum heart rate designated for appropriate aerobic fitness improvement) • by increasing their exercise intensity • the anaerobic system (typically the LA system), supplies the extra ATP required • until the oxygen system is back in balance at the higher intensity • this increases the total oxygen deficit
when will the body eventually stop increasing exercise intensity and increasing o2 deficit?
everytime o2 deficit occurs, dumps more LA into body - stays at that point until LA make the body stop
aerobic steady state definition
the state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand so that virtually all the required ATP to maintain the current exercise intensity is being supplied aerobically.
VO2
Oxygen uptake The body’s ability to consume and utilise oxygen to produce energy
VO2 max can be defined as
The highest rate of oxygen consumption attainable during maximal or exhaustive exercise
What is the VO2 max usually at?
2- 3.5 Litres per minute
What are some factors that can impact the VO2 of a person?
Gender Body size
Compare absolute and relative VO2 max
• absolute VO2 max figures do not take into consideration the body size of an individual • relative VO2 max does it differently by: absolute reading/ weight, and by using millilitres instead of litres (mL/kg/min)
how to calculate relative vo2 max from absolute vo2 max? e.g. 80 kg male with absolute vo2 max of 3000L/min
80 kg 3000 L/min–> 3000mL 3000/80–> 37.5 mL/kg/min
What does the VO2 tell us?
indicator of a person’s aerobic capacity
What tests can be done to determine a person’s VO2?
• predictive testing: beep test, results translated into VO2 max figure • expensive machinery