7.2 Heat Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
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Exothermic reaction
A reaction which gives out energy to the surroundings
Explain how to spot an exothermic reaction
Exothermic reactions normally give out energy in the form of heat so there is a rise in temperature of the surroundings
Endothermic reaction
A reaction which takes in energy
Explain how to spot an endothermic reaction
Energy is normally taken in in the form of heat which causes a fall in temperature of the surroundings
What can you use to show if a reaction is exothermic or endothermic
Reaction profiles
Reaction profile of an exothermic reaction
Reactants have a higher energy than the products
Reaction profile of an endothermic reaction
Reactants have lower energy than products
What is the curve in a reaction profile
Activation energy
Experiment to calculate the change in temperature of a reaction
1- Put a polystyrene cup into a large beaker of cotton wool. Add a known volume of your first reagent to the cup. Measure the initial temperature with a temperature probe. Then add your second reagent. 2- Put a lid on the cup 3- Record the maximum/minimum temperature and calculate the temperature change
Why is cotton wool added to the beaker in the energy change experiment
To give insulation to help limit energy transfer
Why should a lid be placed on the beaker in the energy change experiment
To reduce any energy lost by evaporation
Is breaking bonds exothermic or endothermic
Endothermic
Is making bonds exothermic or endothermic
Exothermic
Is dissolving salts in water exothermic or endothermic
It depends on the reactants used
Is dissolving ammonium choride in water exothermic or endothermic
Endothermic
Is dissolving calcium chloride in water endothermic or exothermic
Exothermic
Is a neutralisation reaction exothermic or endothermic
Mostly exothermic
State a neutralisation reaction which is endothermic
Ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate
Are displacement reactions exothermic or endothermic
Exothermic
Are precipitation reactions exothermic or endothermic
Exothermic
What does a positive energy change mean
The reaction is endothermic
What does a negative energy change mean
The reaction is exothermic