Water 2
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where is the vulnerable ares in terms of water shortage?
african sahel
whats the ITCZ
inter tropical convergence zone - coming together of 2 Hadley cells
when was there a long term sustained drought that led to humanitarian crisis?
80s - Ethiopian tv report showed the unbearable suffering and deaths to the western world. led to live aid
what is drought fuelled by?
natural variability - fluctuations in climate system sahel ecosystem has been made more vulnerable to droughts due to land use change and a warming climate - desertification
why is it hard to predict rainfall in sahel
complex system ocean, atmosphere and land use interactions make it extremely difficult to model
how to build resilience in sahel
predictions - hard to do being able to look ahead we can prevent/prepare
what is key to helping the situation in africa
education - charities send books more weather systems
water scarcity due to glaciers
glacial retreat and reduction leads to water scarcity because people reliant on the outflow of water from glaciers it is reduced
whats a fog catcher?
essentially a big net - catch fog in Peru and let it condense to use as water small scale fix
why do people do mountain painting?
paint mountains while - keep albedo going and keep earth cool
what would be a revolutionary innovation to help with the problem?
cheaply, with little energy convert seawater to fresh water e.g. by using suns energy
how many tons of plastic was washed onshore in 2010
4-12million
in 2014 how many bottle did each person have
315
how long does it take for one bottle to degrade?
450years
how did the plastic island form?
due to ocean currents and convergence 38million pieces of trash on one of the islands
what % of litter comes from beverage waste?
14%
where is a major sink for micro plastics?
the deep sea - thus, the plastic problem is far greater than you would think/can see
whats the annual dietary exposure of European consumers to microplastics
11,000 microplastics
what % of primary microplastics come from synthetic plastics
35% - when you wash a fleece as many as 250,000 synthetic fibres are released into water systems
how many tons do rivers collectively dump into seas each year?
0.47-2.75 million metric tons
why would cleaning 10 rivers help the envy?
93% of plastic is from just 10 rivers
why do people still use plastic?
don’t have recycling or its cheaper to buy stuff in plastic
are micro plastics in the air?
yes fibrous ones are present outdoor and indoor - danger to health and they may also carry pollutants