Section 7 (if something is wrong please change/if there are good questions i have not asked add them in)
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What is the Processor (also known as CPU)
A device that carries out computation on data and instructions, in order to produce an output.
Define Main memory
Stores data and instructions that will be used by the processor.
Fetch execute cycle
The continuous process of data movement between main memory and the processor during the running of a program.
Random access memory
Stores data and can be read to and written from, it is a temporary storage, which is quickly accessible.
Read only memory
Stores data and can be read from but not written to(unless it is programmable ROM) and is not volatile.
Data Bus
Transfers data between memory and processor(bi-directional).
Address Bus
Used to specify a physical address in memory so that the data bus can access it.
Control Bus
Controls the flow of data between the processor and other parts of the computer.(bi-directional).
Bus width
The number of wires in a bus.
Word length
The number of bits that can be addressed, manipulated or transferred as one unit.
Input and output controller
The processor cannot directly communicate with I/O devices therefore an interface called the I/O controller handles the flow of data between the two. Controller also behaves as a buffer as data from I/O devices are processed slower.
Von Neumann architectures
A technique of building a processor that stores data and instructions in the same main memory and uses the same busses.
Harvard architectures
A technique of building a processor that stores data and instruction in seperate memory and uses different busses
What benefits are there to the two architectures.
pass
State the Stored Program Concept
The idea that data and instructions are stored in memory together and is fetched , decoded and executed by the processor.
List the components of the processor that allows for the fetch execute cycle to occur
The Control Unit The Clock The Arithmetic Logic Unit Registers
Define Control Unit
Part of the processor that manages the execution of instructions and makes sure data is being transmitted to the correct destination.
Define ALU
Part of the processor that processes and manipulates data. Also carries out arithmetic and logic calculations when the control unit sends it an opcode and operand to process.
Define Clock
A device that generates a signal that synchronises the components pf a computer, processor and the movement of data(MHz..millions of cycles a second)
Define Register
A small piece of temporary storage that is part of the processor and stores data and instructions during the fetch execute cycle
Name the 5 registers involved in the fetch execute cycle
Program Counter Memory Address Register Memory Buffer Register Current Instruction Register Status Register
Program Counter
A register that stores the address of the first or next instruction to be taken from main memory by the processor
MAR
A register that stores the location of address that data is either being COPIED FROM or WRITTEN TOO by the processor
MBR
A register that stores the data and instruction that is either being COPIED FROM or WRITTEN TOO by the processor