Chapter 22

• self-nourishing • capable of growing without organic compounds • are able to get nutrition from the carbon in carbon dioxide • produce about 20% of the earth’s oxygen and are capable of converting inorganic carbon dioxide into the nutrients that they need for photosynthesis. • do not cause disease in humans • participate in the decomposition of human remains

one of the largest groups of autotrophic bacteria. They appear as blue-green algae but are NOT algae. Is the reason for the red color in the Red Sea.

• require complex organic food from a carbon source to grow and develop • cause many diseases in humans • some are able to survive on a variety of organic compounds • not all heterotrophic bacteria are harmful…they are essential to the process of fermentation, producing wine, bread, cheese, beer…

only survive on dead or decaying organic matter

completely dependent on their living host for survival

can adapt to different sources of nutrients and oxygen levels

microorganisms that can only survive in the presence of oxygen

microorganism that can only survive in an environment with NO oxygen

microorganisms that require little oxygen (2-10%)

microorganisms can survive with or without oxygen they do not gain anything from oxygen EX: strep throat, scarlet fever

bacteria that prefer cold between 32F and 77F

bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures between 77F and 104F

bacteria that like high temperatures between 104F and 158F

when the deceased had a fever before death

when the deceased’s body temperature was cool before death

refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions present pH scale ranges from 0(extremely acidic)-14 (extremely alkaline or basic)

7

the pressure required to prevent the net flow of water across the semipermeable membrane

the arrangement when two or more different species of organisms live together in close association symbolic relationships are distinguished by the degree to which the host organism is harmed

the two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each other

when one organism gains some benefit (protection, nourishment) and the host is NOT harmed

the host is harmed while the parasite receives some benefit

when a unique effect occurs from a symbiotic relationship it is referred to as a synergistic effect. Synergism occurs when the harmonious action of two microorganisms produces an effect that neither could produce on their own

when the growth and existence of one microorganism is damaged or destroyed by another microorganism