Biology Essentials - Eukaryotic cells
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What is unique to Eukaryotic cells?
mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nucleus and vacuoles
What are organelles?
Organelles are specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells. The term means “little organs.
What is a nucleus?
Contains genetic material which controls the cell’s activities
What is chromatin?
A substance within a chromosome consisting of DNA and protein
What is the nucleolus?
An organelle within the nucleus that plays a key role in the transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA
What do ribosomes do?
Produce proteins from amino acids during protein synthesis
What is the function of the Endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins
What are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the difference between the two types of Endoplasmic reticulum?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to the surface
What are vesicles?
A structure consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer which uptakes and transports materials within the cell
What is the Golgi apparatus?
a cell organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipid molecules
What are vacuoles?
A vacuole is a a space which generally store waste products or water
What are lyosomes?
Break down excess or worn-out cell parts
What are mitochondria?
Generate chemical energy in the form of ATP to power the cell
What is the cell membrane?
A semipermeable lipid bilayer that regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
A thick solution of mainly water, salts, and proteins that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane
How does a cell maintain its shape?
The cytoskeleton which also provides support for division and movement