3.1 - Introduction
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gas energy
most energy - spaced apart and randomly arranged
liquid energy
more energy than solid - particles closer together but have random arrangement
solid energy
least energy - particles vibrating in fixed regular arrangement and close together
melting
solid -> liquid
freezing
liquid -> solid
boiling
liquid -> gas
condensing
gas -> liquid
gas -> liquid -> solid
particles lose kinetic energy move less more regular arranged and close together
diffusion of solid
particles have to be able to move doesn’t occur in solid since particles cannot move
dilution of coloured solutions
diluted by adding water particles diffuse to area of low conc mixes with water molecules
solvent
liquid in which solute dissolves in
solute
substance that dissolves in a liquid to form solution
solution
mixture formed when solute has dissolved in a solvent
saturated solution
solution in which no more solvent can be dissolved in
solubility is shown as
grams of a solute that will dissolve in 100g of water
solubility curves
solubility os solids increases when temp and pressure increases mass below line - solution unsaturated mass above line - unstable and super saturated
element
substance made from only one type of atom
compound
substance made of two or more elements that reacted chemically w each other
mixture
consists of 2 or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined - chemical properties in mixture are unchanged
pure substance
single element/compound not mixed with other substances
pure substances MP/BP
range of temperatures - specific
periods
elements with same number of shells of electrons - arranged in rows
non metals are not
conductive (except graphite)
if an element is not conductive and its oxide is acidic
non metal