Chapter 15 - Intracellular Compartments And Transport
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Invagination
Bending inward
What members does invagination
ER, golgi, endosomes, lysosomes
What are the two proposed mechanism of evolution of membrane enclosed organelles
Membrane invagination Endosymbiosis
Nuclear membranes and the ER are believed to have evolved from invagination from where
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria and chloroplast have through
Endosymbiosis
Mitochondria and chloroplast replicate by
Binary fission
Virtually all proteins are synthesized by ________ in the _____, then transported to their final destination
Ribosomes, cytosol
Sorting signal (signal sequence)
Directs the protein to the organelle in which it is required
Proteins destined to the ER posses what
N terminal signal sequence that directs them to ER
What happens if no signal sequence what happens to proteins
They remain in the cytosol
What are three different mechanisms of protein import into the organelles
Transport through nuclear pores Transport across membranes Transport vesicles
How does molecules move in and out of nucleus
Nuclear pores
What moves out of the nuclear pores
MRNAs and ribosomal subunits move out
What moves in nuclear protein, and what is needed for this to happen
Nuclear protein A signal sequence
What can you say about water and nuclear pores
Water moves freely
What is needed to transport into the nucleus
Nuclear localization signal Nuclear import receptor
Nuclear localization signal
Directs proteins from the cytosol into the nucleus
Nuclear import receptor
Directs the new protein through the nuclear pore This is recycled and used for later use
What drives nuclear transport
Energy supplied by GTP hydrolysis
Ran GTP
GTP binding protein
What is unique about proteins passing through nuclear pores
They don’t need to unfold to pass through
Ran GTP
Is active
Ran GDP
Is inactive
Ran GAP
Triggers conversion of ran GTP to Ran GDP