C7 - Integration & Reg. of Metabolism

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What substrates are critical in connecting the metabolism of CHO, lipids + proteins?

Back (Answer)

Pyruvate + Acetyl-CoA

Front (Question)

What does the energy status of the cell largely determine?

Back (Answer)

The direction in which mol. flow

Front (Question)

What happens if ATP is needed in the cell?

Back (Answer)

Pyruvate from glycolysis is sent to mitochondria. Decarboxylated to Acetyl-CoA + oxidised via TCA cycle to prod ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Front (Question)

What can FA’s be catabolised to in the mitochondria?

Back (Answer)

Acetyl-CoA then produce ATP via TCA cycle + oxidative phosphorylation.

Front (Question)

What happens when CHO + lipids are in short supply?

Back (Answer)

aa are converted to pyruvate + Acetyl-CoA

Front (Question)

What else declines when the energy status of the cell declines? Why?

Back (Answer)

Conc of: • Acetyl-CoA • Citrate • ATP Due to ⬇️ glycolysis, lipolysis + TCA cycle reactions.

Front (Question)

What does ⬆️ ADP + AMP in cells indicate?

Back (Answer)

That ATP has been used up in anabolic reactions therefore more ATP is needed.

Front (Question)

What are the metabolic responses to low cellular energy status?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ glycolysis ⬆️ TCA cycle ⬇️ Gluconeogenesis ⬆️ FA b-oxidation

Front (Question)

What are the metabolic responses to abundant cellular energy status?

Back (Answer)

⬇️ Glycolysis ⬇️ TCA cycle ⬆️ Gluconeogenesis ⬆️ FA synthesis

#10

Front (Question)

Low energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬆️ FA b-oxidation?

Back (Answer)

⬇️ Malonyl-CoA

#11

Front (Question)

Low energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬇️ gluconeogenesis?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ AMP

#12

Front (Question)

Low energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬆️ TCA cycle?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ ADP ⬆️ pyruvate

#13

Front (Question)

Low energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬆️ glycolysis?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ AMP ⬇️ ATP ⬇️ Citrate ⬇️ Acetyl-CoA

#14

Front (Question)

Abundant energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬇️ glycolysis?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ ATP ⬆️ Citrate

#15

Front (Question)

Abundant energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬇️ TCA cycle?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ ATP

#16

Front (Question)

Abundant energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬆️ gluconeogenesis?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ Acetyl-CoA ⬆️ Citrate

#17

Front (Question)

Abundant energy cellular status What is the cellular signal causing ⬆️ FA synthesis?

Back (Answer)

⬆️ Citrate ⬆️ Malonyl-CoA

#18

Front (Question)

What acts as an indicator of the FED state?

Back (Answer)

Release of insulin by b-cells of the pancreas in response to ⬆️ blood glucose levels.

#19

Front (Question)

Which is the 1st tissue to be able to use dietary glucose?

Back (Answer)

Liver

#20

Front (Question)

What can happen to the glucose retained in the liver?

Back (Answer)

May enter glycolysis or glycogenesis.

#21

Front (Question)

What can happen to excess glucose in the liver?

Back (Answer)

Can be converted to FAs (Only rly happens when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure).

#22

Front (Question)

What can chronic overconsumption of CHO lead to in the liver?

Back (Answer)

TAG accumulation + ⬆️ secretion of TAG-rich VLDL into circulation.

#23

Front (Question)

When does the postabsorptive state evolve into the fasting state?

Back (Answer)

After 18-48hrs of NO food intake.

#24

Front (Question)

What happens in the fasting state?

Back (Answer)

aa from muscle protein breakdown provides substrates for gluconeogenesis. Release of FAs from adipose tissue continue to occur during the early fasting state. = Supplying many tissues w. FAs for ATP prod while the glycerol is converted to glucose in liver.