Developing Fuels
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What is the ideal gas equation?
pV =nRT
What are the standard conditions?
298K 1 atm
Is bond breaking exo or endo thermic?
Endo
Is making bonds endo or exo thermic?
Exo thermic
What is the mechanism of a heterogeneous catalyst?
Reactants adsorb to surface Bonds are strained and broken Bonds reform to make products Product desorb away
What does a catalyst poison do?
Poisons adsorb to surface of catalyst more strongly than reactants so they don’t have a catalyst surface
What are the reaction conditions needed for cracking?
Hydrocarbon vapour over a heated catalyst
What does aliphatic mean?
There is no benzene ring
What does aromatic/ arene mean?
There is a benzene ring
What is a homologous series?
A group of compounds with the same functional group
What does incomplete combustion form?
Carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulates
What is the test for saturation?
Bromine water
What catalyst is needed in the electrophillic addition of hydrogen to a Allene?
Nickel catalyst, heat and pressure Or Platinum catalyst with RTP
Define structural isomer,
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
What is a stereoisomers?
Same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space
Why are heterogeneous catalysts greener than homogeneous?
They are easier to separate from the product and recycle
what are the units for ideal gas equation?
p= pressure in pascals - Pa V= volume in m^2 n= number of moles R=gas constant T= temperature- K
what is significant about gases at the same temperature and pressure?
they take up the same volume per mole
what is the volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature an pressure?
24dm^3
what is the enthalpy change of reaction?
the enthalpy change when the reaction occurs in molar quantities shown in the chemical equation
what is the enthalpy change of formation?
when one mole of product is formed from its elements in their standard states
what is the enthalpy change of combustion?
enthalpy change when one mole of substance is completely burned in oxygen
what is the enthalpy change of nuetralisation?
the enthalpy change when an acid and an alkali react together under standard conditions to form one mole of water
what is average bond enthalpy?
the energy needed to break one mole of bonds in the gas phase averaged out over many compounds