Group 2, the alkaline earth metals
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What happens to atomic radius down Group 2, and why? (inc. - outrmst. e frthr. frm. nuc.)
Atomic radius increases because an extra electron shell is added, so the outer electrons are further from the nucleus
What happens to the first and second ionisation energies as you go down Group 2, and why? (dcrse. - outrmst. e + NUC. fthr. awy. + inc. shldng. + dspte. inc. nclr. chrg.)
The ionisation energies decrease because there is increased shielding and distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus, despite the increase nuclear charge
What structure do Group 2 metals have?
Giant metallic lattice structures
Why do melting points decrease down Group 2? (mtl. ins. gt. lrgr, inc dstnce. btwn. ctns. + dlclsd. e- wkeng. mtlc. bndng. lss. enrgy. ndd. mlt. mtl.)
The metal ions get larger. This increases the distance between the cations and delocalised electrons, weakening the metallic bonding, so less energy is needed to melt the metal
Equation for titanium extraction using magnesium?
TiCl₄ + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl₂
Which Group 2 element does not fit the melting point trend?
Magnesium
What is the trend in reactivity of Group 2 metals with water?
The reactivity increases down the group
What is observed when magnesium reacts with a) cold water, b) steam? Equation involved for both reactions
Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water but rapidly with steam Reaction with cold water: Mg + 2H2O ⇒ Mg(OH)2 + H2 Reaction with steam: Mg + H2O ⇒ MgO + H2
What is observed when calcium reacts with water, equation involved?
Calcium fizzes rapidly when it reacts with water Ca + 2H2O ⇒ Ca(OH)2 + H2
What is observed when strontium reacts with water, equation involved?
Strontium fizzes in water and forms a colourless solution Sr + 2H2O ⇒ Sr(OH)2 + H2
What is observed when barium reacts with water, equation involved?
Barium reacts vigorously in water and forms a colourless solution Ba + 2H2O ⇒ Ba(OH)2 + H2