Chapter 4
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What are simple carbohydrates?
They contain one or two molecules. Company refered to as sugars.
What is glucose?
The most abundant carbohydrate produced by plants through photosynthesis
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are examples of disaccharides?
Lactose maltose and sucrose
What are complex carbohydrates?
Oligosaccharides- 3 to 10 monosaccharides Polysaccharides- hundreds of monosaccharides
What is starch?
A complex carbohydrate Found in plants
What is glycogen?
A complex carbohydrate Storage form of glucose found in humans and animals Stored in the liver a muscles It is not found in food therefore it is not a source if dietary carbohydrate
Is fiber digestible?
No
What are soluble fibers?
Fifer that dissolves in water. Is fermentable digested by intestinal bacteria
What are insoluble fibers?
They can not be digested by the bacteria in the colon. However they promote regular bowl movements
True or false Carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach? What dose break down carbohydrates?
False Salivary alamase
Where dose the most chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?
The small intestine.
What is our primary source of energy?
Glucose circulating in our blood
All mono carbides are converted to glucose by the liver…
True
What are some hormones that control blood glucose levels?
Glycogen Insulin Epinephrine Cortisol Growth hormone Norepinephrine
Where is glycogen produced
The liver
Where is insulin produced?
The pancreas Secreted by beta cells
What dose glucagon do?
It is produced by alpha cells Stimulates the liver to turn glycogen in to glucose Stimulates gluconeogenesis- the production of glucose from amino acids
What is gluconeogenesis?
The production of glucose from amino acids
What are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by?
The adrenal gland They release glucose in to the blood
What do both cortisol and growth hormone do?
They are secreted by the adrenal gland and they increase gluconeogenesis And decrease muscle glucose
What is the glycemic index?
A foods potential to raise blood glucose How quickly a food raises your glucose level. Rice crispy treats!
What is the glycemic load?
Determins the effect of a food on a persons glucose response.
What is ketosis?
Caused by not eating Fat breakdown during fasting forms of ketones Excess ketones increase blood acidity and cause ketosis You can smell it on there breath