11 - Skill Acqusition and analysis
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Pedagogy
The method and practice of teaching especially as an academic subject
Traditional pedagogy Features
Traditional pedagogy occurs through the simple transmission of fixed knowledge from COACH TO ATHLETE Features of this approach: • content focused learning • coached led learning • coach is fully responsible for what, how and when learning take place
Non linear pedagogy Features
Non linear pedagogy occurs in an unpredictable manner with coach and athletes exploring a situation TOGETHER Features • High level of connectivity between athletes and coaches • process orientated learning • development of creative processes in athletes
Newell’s constraint led approach
A teaching coaching method based on principles of non linear approach when a situation is unpredictable. The constraints are classified into 3 sections: 1) ATHLETE constraints - self organization - movement patterns - cognition - decision making 2) ENVIRONMENTAL constraints - physical factors (gravity, altitude, light, music, noise, lines on court) - social factors ( peer pressure, social and cultural expectations) 3) TASK constraints - the goal of a specific task - rules of actions - rules on equipment used 3) Task constraints
Ways coaches can manipulate constraints:
• modifying equipment • modifying size of okaying areas • setting task goals in the game • enforcing specific rules
How can a constraints lead approach to learning a given sport influence motivation
The impact of a constraints lead approach may be different for individuals • minimize rules • control space available • modify equipment to allow more success
Notational analysis
Is the study of movement patterns, strategy and tactics in a team sport.
Outline the reasons of using notational analysis in physical education
Used to j firm the coaching process and improve athlete performance • providing an objective way for recording performance • consistent and reliable • qualitative and quantitative feedback
List the five applications of notation in physical education and sporting contexts
• Tactical evaluation • Technical evaluation • Analysis of movement • Development of database and models • Educational use with teacher and athlete
Phase analysis model
Sequential, based on movement principles • preparation • retraction • action • follow through
Performance outcome model
Hierarchical, based on mechanical relationships underpinning performance • speed principles • force principles • coordination principles • specific performance principles
Explain how a flow chart system can be used for match analysis in a team invasion game
Identifies features such as: • the player who has the possession • the location for a change in procession • player who gains procession • the method of change in procession (tackle/ interception)
Suggest how to develop notional systems for team games
• scattergrams • frequency tables • sequential systems
Outline 3 examples of the use of digital technology in sport analysis
• Motion tracking - Hawkeye (used in tennis ball tracking) • Performance analysis software - Prozone )shows the movement of people in football) • Nutrition, fitness and training analysis - (Bodybyte, Apple Watch)
Evaluate the use of information technologies in sport analysis for different sport contexts
• Provides data not available through traditional techniques (eg. power outputs in cycling) • provides data over shorter or longer time scales • data is objective and accurate • processed data improves visualization and allows image comparison • feedback is immediate and efficient • feedback information is manageable and is specifically adjusted to individuals needs • many new software technologies are relatively inexpensive • coaches need training to make effective use of and to develop skills in interpretation of data • limited availability in many regions • limited use in all situations (renovate locations) • may lead to over reliance on objective data