PROTEINS IV
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what urinary proteins is most common and serious type of abnormal proteinuria a. Glomerular proteinuria b. tubular proteinuria c. overload proteinuria d. post renal proteinuria
GLOMERULAR PROTEINURIA • most common and most serious • often called proteinuria Tubular proteinuria • low molecular mass proteins • defective in REABSORPTION Overload proteinuria - includes hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria and BJP post renal proteinuria - coming form urinary tract by INFECTION, BLEEDING OR MALIGNANCY
what is the RV in clinical albiminuria a. 0-29 ug/mg creantinine b. 30-300 ug/mg creatinine c. >500 ug/mg creatinine d. >300ug/mg creatinine
microalbinuria specimen : RANDOM URINE method: RANDOM SPOT ALBUMIN: CREATININE RATIO reference value: 0-29ug/mg creatinine Microalbinuria : 30-300 ug/mg creatinine clinical significnace : >300 ug/mg creatinine
which of the following is not methods for CSF proteins a. modified guthrie test b. tcs c. ssa d. lowry and kinetic biuret reaction
answer: Modified Guthrie test methods for CSF proteins TCA SSA Coomassie brilliant blue (dye) Lowry and Kinetic Biuret reaction
in the presece of CSF with 2 or more IgG bands in gamma region it is seen on a. lymphoma b. leukemia c. multiple sclerosis d. viral infection
CSF oligoclonal banding > in the presece of CSF with 2 or more IgG bands in gamma region it is seen on MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS > other disorders with 2 or more bands = Encephalitis, Neurosyphilis, Gullain Barre Syndrome and neoplastic disorders > disorders with SERUM BANDING appearing in CSF = Leukemia, Lymphoma , and viral infections
what is the supporting media in CSF oligoclonal banding a. sudan black B b. agarose gel c. coomassie brilliant blue d. cellulose acetate
supporting medium and stain agarose gel coomassie brilliant blue
an inborn error of metabolism by the absence of homogentisate oxidase in the tyrosine pathway a. alkaptonuria b. homocystinuria c. MSUD d. PKU
alkaptinuria • an inborn error of metabolism by the ABSENCE OF HOMOGENTISATE OXIDASE in the tyrosine pathway • clinical feature : ONCHROSIS • diagnostic indicatro : DARKENINGOF THE URINE upon standing at room temp
impaired activity of cystathionine beta synthetase a. alkaptonuria b. homocystinuria c. MSUD d. PKU
homocystinuria • impaired activity of cystathionine beta synthetase • elevated levels of HOMOCYSTEINE AND METHIONINE in blood and urine • clinical feauture : PHYSICAL DEFECTS, THOROMBOSIS, EYE LENS ABNORMALITY AND MENTAL RETARDATION
Screening tests for homocystinuria a. impaired activity of cystathionine beta synthetase b. modified Guthrie test (4 aza leucine) c. amino acid analysis d. random spot albukin - ceratinine ratio
homocystinuria - screening test : impaired activity of cystathionine beta synthetase MSUD • screening tests : modified Guthrie test (4 aza leucine) • diagnostic test : amino acid analysis (HPLC)
what aminoacidopathies is characterized as absence of alpha ketoacid decarboxylase a. alkaptonuria b. homocystinuria c. MSUD d. PKU
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) • reduced or absence of alpha ketoacid decarboxylase • screening tests : modified Guthrie test (4 aza leucine) • diagnostic test : amino acid analysis (HPLC) • indicator: 4 mg/dl is indicative MSUD
deficiency of enzyme phenylalanine hydrolase (PAH) a. alkaptonuria b. homocystinuria c. MSUD d. PKU
phenylketonuria (PKU) • deficiency of enzyme phenylalanine hydrolase (PAH) or phenylalanin -4-mono-oxygenase • characterized by the presence of phenylpyruvic acid • deficiency of TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN (BH4) also results in elevated blood levels of phenylalanine
what aminoacidopathies si accompanied by elevated methionine and p- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid a. alkaptonuria b. homocystinuria c. MSUD d. tyrosinemia
tyrosinemia accompanied by elevated methionine and p- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid homocystinuria - elevated homocytine and methionine