S2) Emotional Responses to Chronic Illness
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What is anxiety?
Anxiety is a response to threat/threatening events e.g. threats to identity/wellbeing, surgery, test results
In a patient, when could anxiety occur?
Likely to occur at various stages in illness e.g. diagnosis, awaiting test results, hospital discharge, illness progression
How does anxiety manifest?
Anxiety is shown as significant and possibly intense dread or uneasiness and may take the form of: • Panic attacks • Obssessive-compulsive behaviour • Generalised anxiety
What is depression?
Depression is a long-term response to loss, failure or helplessness e.g. health, identity, side effects, reaction to symptoms
Identify 5 manifestations of depression
• Depressed/irritable mood • Decreased interest/pleasure in activities • Change in sleep (insomnia/hypersomnia) • Significant change in weight/appetite • Fatigue or loss of energy
What are the effects of co-morbid depression and why is this significant?
• Exacerbated distress associated with physical health problems • Adversely affect illness outcomes and increase risk of mortality
Identify and describe 3 barriers of recognising psychological problems in patients
• Symptoms may be inadvertently missed; attributed to illness or treatment • Patients may not disclose symptoms; desire to avoid stigma, feeling judged or a burden, or seen as failing to cope • HCPs may avoid asking; perceived to be out with their role/expertise, capacity/time constraints