3.3.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols
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What is the difference between a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol?
Primary: OH is connected to a carbon which is connected to a further carbon Secondary: carbon is connected to two others Tertiary: carbon is connected to three others
Can primary alcohols be oxidised?
Primary alcohols can be oxidised to aldehydes which can be further oxidised to carboxylic acids Oxidising agent is represented as [O] Alcohol to aldehyde: heat, distillation, can have an oxidizing agent, partially oxidized Aldehyde to carboxylic acid: heat, oxidised
Can secondary alcohols be oxidised?
Secondary alcohols can be oxidised to ketones Ketones cannot be oxidised because oxidation would need a c-c bond to break
Can tertiary alcohols be oxidised? Why?
They are not easily oxidised Oxidation would need a c-c bond to break
Draw the two reactions of the distillation and reflux of alcohols
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Draw the reaction of the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones
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What substance can be used to oxidise alcohols?
Acidified potassium dichromate where orange ions are reduced to green ions
What are the conditions required to oxidise an alcohol to an aldehyde?
Distillation apparatus Potassium dichromate as an oxidising agent, represented as [O] Dilute acid Gently heated Reciever cooled to stop evaporation
What are the conditions required to oxidise an alcohol to a carboxylic acid?
Reflux apparatus Concentrated sulfuric acid Twice as much of the oxidising agent compared to distillation Carboxylic acid is distilled at the end