Bio 2120 Exam 3 Questions
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Signal transduction pathway for a lipid-insoluble signal
ligand - membrane-bound Receptor Protein - intracellular protein - Amplification - cellular response
Why do only certain cells, target cells, respond to the hormone?
Only the target cells express the receptor for the hormone
Which of the following is NOT true about steroid hormone cell signaling?
Because the steroid hormone binds directly to a transcription factor (hormone receptor), there is no amplification of the signal at the point of transcription
Which of the following is true of the cloning experiment that resulted in Dolly the sheep?
Dolly was cloned by using a differentiated cell fused to an egg from another breed of sheep
What is the p53 gene?
tumor suppressor gene, regulates cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair.
What is Ras?
a small GTP-binding protein, acting as an oncogene.
If the bicoid gene was injected into the posterior and anterior of a (fruit fly? idk.), what would happen?
The fly would have 2 heads.
The evolution of what caused a snake to lose its limbs?
hox genes
How does asexual reproduction occur?
mitosis
What is parthenogenesis(virgin creation)?
When an embryo forms from an unfertilized egg, by asexual reproduction?
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis: What is correct
Have the same number of meiotic divisions
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis produce gametes with the same haploid number of chromosomes
Testosterone question? What signals does it use?
all of the above, endocrine (long-distance), paracrine (adjacent), and autocrine (self-acting) signaling.
If the acceptor that accepts progesterone were mutated, what would happen?
The uterus couldn’t support the pregnancy.
Right before ovulation, what hormones rise?
LH and FSH spike
After ovulation, which hormones rise and which decrease?
Progestrone and estrogen have a slight increase. LH and FSH decrease.
If fertilization does occur, what happens?
The corpus luteum is maintained and does not break down. It continues to produce progesterone and estrogen, stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
If fertilization does not occur, what happens?
The corpus luteum degenerates and stops producing progesterone and estrogen.
If a woman is in their first trimester of pregnancy, what hormones appear?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
What is true about spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
sperm penetration of the oocyte membrane triggers the completion of meiosis II.
Breathing is primarily regulated by what?
The concentration of carbon dioxide and pH sensors.
To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in a mammal, atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross ________.
five membranes: into and out of the cell lining the lung, into and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary, and into the red blood cell—to bind with hemoglobin
The vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the ________.
fishes
Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the ________.
development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls that favors fluid retention in the capillary