MIDTERM LEC: PROTEINS
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The word PROTEINS come from the Greek word ____ which means “first rank of importance”
“proteis”
Most proteins are synthesized in the liver except:
immunoglobulins, adult hgb, factor VIII
High molecular weight composed of amino acid - combined together by peptide bonds
PROTEINS
Also called macromolecule
PROTEINS
best quantified by immunologic measurements since it is below the level of detection by electrophoresis Clinical
PROTEINS
● Marker for nutritional status ● Confirms if specimen is CSF
PROTEINS
are amphoteric which means that they are able to react both as a base and as an acid
PROTEINS
Simplest form of protein
amino acid
produced in the Liver
fetal hemoglobin
produced in Bone Marrow
adult hgb
produce in Endothelial Cells, part of Coagulation Cascade
factor VIII
Biological function of proteins:
● Structural support for the tissue (collagen and keratin) ● Contraction and relaxation of muscles ● Coagulation and immunologic function ● Transport of metabolic substances [esp cannot travel blood alone] ● pH buffer ● Precursor of hormones [Most of the hormones are made up of proteins] ● Maintenance of osmotic pressure ● Biochemical catalysts [All enzymes are Proteins]
– for smaller polypeptides
Pepsin (enzyme)
protein denaturation
HCI
convert trypsinogen to trypsin
Enteropeptidase
cleaves peptide bonds
Chymotrypsin
Total Protein – Albumin =
Globulin
linear sequence of amino acids
Primary Structure
it determines the identity of protein, molecular structure, function and binding capacity
Primary Structure
refers to specific regular three-dimensional formations into which portions of the polypeptide chain fold [a-helix & B-pleated sheet]
Secondary Structure
actual 3-dimentional structure or folding pattern
Quaternary Structure
responsible for physical and chemical properties of proteins
Tertiary Structure
may consists of single or more polypeptide
Proteins
a large number of amino acids join together
Polypeptide