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Atoms, ions and compounds

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Aufbau principle

Back (Answer)

electrons enter lowest energy orbital available

#2
Front (Question)

Hund’s rule

Back (Answer)

electrons prefer to occupy orbitals in their own and only pair up when no empty shells are availible

#3
Front (Question)

number of orbitals in sublevel s

Back (Answer)

1

#4
Front (Question)

number of orbitals in sublevel p

Back (Answer)

3

#5
Front (Question)

number of orbitals in sublevel d

Back (Answer)

5

#6
Front (Question)

number of orbitals in sublevel f

Back (Answer)

7

#7
Front (Question)

ionisation energy

Back (Answer)

energy required to remove an electron from its shell

#8
Front (Question)

Order electrons fill up shells

Back (Answer)

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

#9
Front (Question)

Isoelectronic

Back (Answer)

Species with the same electronic configuration

#10
Front (Question)

1st ionisation energy

Back (Answer)

Energy required to remove one electron from each atom in a mole of gaseous atoms producing 1 mole of 1+ gaseous ions

#11
Front (Question)

2nd ionisation energy

Back (Answer)

The energy require to remove the 2nd electron from each atom in a mole of gaseous atoms (starting with the 1+ ion)

#12
Front (Question)

3 Factors affecting ionisation energy

Back (Answer)

• distance from nucleus (atomic radius) • nuclear charge • shielding

#13
Front (Question)

as you go down a group, 1st ionisation energy…. because….

Back (Answer)

• decreases - greater atomic radius, more shedding and less attraction between nucleus and electron

#14
Front (Question)

as you go across a period, 1st ionisation energy…. because….

Back (Answer)

• increases - more protons, same shielding, smaller atomic radius

#15
Front (Question)

2 dips in the ionisation trend (period)

Back (Answer)

group 2 to 3 (Mg, Al) group 5 to 6 (P, S)

#16
Front (Question)

What causes the dip in the trend between Mg and Al

Back (Answer)

Al has a higher energy electron (3p) which is slightly further out so if lost more easily

#17
Front (Question)

What causes the dip in the trend between P and S

Back (Answer)

P has 1 electron in outer shell, S has 2 which repel each other and so lost more easily

#18
Front (Question)

degenerate orbitals

Back (Answer)

those with exactly the same energy

#19
Front (Question)

principle quantum number

Back (Answer)

shall number

#20
Front (Question)

shape of s-orbital

Back (Answer)

spherical - 2 electrons can be anywhere within the sphere

#21
Front (Question)

shape of p orbitals

Back (Answer)

dumbell shaped - move anywhere within the shell

#22
Front (Question)

4 stages of mass spectrometry

Back (Answer)

ionisation acceleration ion drift detection

#23
Front (Question)

2 main techniques of ionisation

Back (Answer)

electrospray ionisation electron impact ionisation

#24
Front (Question)

process of electrospray ionisation

Back (Answer)

• sample dissolved in solvent • high voltage is applied • voltage rips an electron off the solvent and attached it to the sample molecules • creating positively charged ions