Final exam review
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What are the 5 virotypes of E. coli?
ETEC, EIEC, EPEC, EAggEC, EHEC (O157:H7)
What does ETEC stand for?
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
What does EIEC stand for?
Enteroinvasive E. coli
What does EPEC stand for?
Enteropathogenic E. coli
What does EAggEC stand for?
Enteroaggregative E. coli
What does EHEC stand for?
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Who/what does ETEC affect?
Humans, and other mammals
What kind of enterotoxins does ETEC produce? And how do they work?
LT and ST. Similar to cholera toxins, they cause cGMP accumulation, resulting in fluid and electrolytes to be secreted into the intestinal lumen, concluding in diarrhea
Is ETEC invasive or non invasive?
Non invasive. It does not leave the intestinal lumen
Who/what does EIEC affect?
Only humans
Is EIEC invasive or non invasive?
Highly invasive
How does EIEC work?
It uses adhesin proteins to bind and enter intestinal cells, where they cause damage with mechanical cell destruction
Who/what does EHEC affect?
Humans, cattle, and goats
What syndrome can EHEC cause?
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Small blood vessels in kidneys are damaged and can cause sudden kidney failure
Is EHEC invasive or non invasive?
Moderately invasive
What is the EHEC strain called, and what does it cause?
O157:H7, and it causes bloody diarrhea with no fever
How does EHEC attach to the cells?
Fimbriae
What are the names of toxins EHEC produces, and how do they work?
Stx1 and Stx2. Can damage blood vessels in some organs
How does EHEC spread?
Found in cow’s intestines, therefore can contaminate the meat when butchered If it’s present on the udders, it can contaminate the raw milk Undercooked meat
Who/what does EPEC affect?
Humans and other mammals
How is EPEC different from ETEC?
No ST or LT toxins
Is EPEC invasive or non invasive?
Moderately invasive
How does EPEC work?
Adheres to intestinal mucosa and deforms the actin in cells
Who/what does EAggEC affect?
Only humans