Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters (TOPIC 15)
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What is the functional group of Alcohols?
-OH
What is the general formula of alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What are the first four alcohols?
Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol
What are the properties of alcohols?
Flammable - undergo complete combustion in air Soluble - dissolve in water to form a neutral solution And can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids
What happens when ethanol is heated with Potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulfuric acid - (Acidified potassium dichromate VI) What do you observe?
Oxidisation and ethanoic acid is produced. Colour change as potassium dichromate turns from orange to green as it oxidises the alcohol
Name 2 ways ethanol can be produced? What are the requirements?
Ethane + water (Addition Reaction) - 300C + 60-70 atm + phosphoric acid catalyst Fermentation of glucose (Anaerobic Respiration) - No oxygen , 30-40C , Yeast cells (catalyst)
What are the uses of alcohols?
As they are flammable they are used as fuels. As solvents in industry as they can dissolve things that water cannot.
What is the molecular formula for Ethanol?
C2H5OH
Advantages and disadvantages of addition reaction to make ethanol?
Ethene is cheap and the reaction is cheap and efficient Crude oil which is how get ethane is a non renewable resource
Advantages and disadvantages of fermentation?
Raw material (glucose - sugar cane) are renewable resources Yeast is also easy to grow The ethanol produced is not very concentrated so it needs to be distilled to increase its strength and then purified.
Write the symbol equation for the addition reaction of Ethene + Steam
C2H4 +H2O -> C2H5OH
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
-COOH
What happens when an aqueous carboxylic acid and a metal carbonate are reacted?
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
What happens when an aqueous carboxylic acid reacts with a metal?
Salt + Hydrogen
What is formed when ethanol is oxidised? What is also require and what do you observe?
Ethanoic acid Potassium Dichromate VI in sulfuric acid Potassium dichromate turns from orange to green as it oxidises the ethanol
What are the conditions for addition polymerisation of an alkene?
Catalyst and pressure
Why are polymers hard to get rid of?
They don’t biodegrade easily because they’re inert. Burning them can release toxic gases