Chapter 7
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Define Plant Growth
Is the increase in fresh or dry weigh, or in volume, length, height, or surface area.
Define Plant Development
Is the progress through its lifecycle.
Define Determinate Growth
Stem development stops when the flower is formed at the end of the stem.
Define Indeterminate Growth
Stem development continues when the flower is formed at the end of the stem.
Define Autumn Syndrome
The Autumn Syndrome is a collection of integrated processes that occur in plants in temperate climates at the end of the summer in preparation for winter; these processes include an acquisition of freeze tolerance; dormancy of buds; and, in deciduous trees, leaf fall.
Leaf angle movement in response to the sun’s angle in the horizon
Heliotropic Movement
Seed germination in light-sensitive seeds is controlled by photomorphogenesis.
True
Which plant pigment color is responsible for phototropism?
Blue light
Most plants can be categorized into three photoperiodically response types.
Long-day plants, Short-day plants, Day neutral plants
How can sunscald of young orchard trees be preventive?
Whitewashing the trunk
What happens inside a leaf when it experiences a killing frost?
The contents of the leaf cells are damaged by the formation of ice crystals that rupture the cell membranes and walls, allowing water to flow out of the protoplasm and desiccating the cells.
Water is very important in the growth and development of plants.
True
The two most important gases to the growth of green plants are ____________________.
Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen
List the 3 stages of seed germination.
Imbibition (water uptake). Increase in biological activity. Radicle (root) and shoot emergence.
Most fruit trees, woody plants, and vegetable crops induce flowering when they reach a certain morphological maturity which is determined by how much heat the plant has accumulated.
True
Understanding photoperiodic responses allow crop producers to select and manipulate certain species and cultivars that flower and seed at the right time for their geographic location or market window.
True
Match the following pollination terminology.
Pollination: Transfer of pollen from a stamen to a stigma. Self-fertile: Can set fruit and seed with its own pollen. Self-sterile: Cannot set fruit and seed with its own pollen. Parthenocarpy: Formation of fruit without pollination and fertilization.
Fruits that experience a burst of respiration and a release of high levels of ethylene are known as _______________ fruits.
Climacteric
Match the following plant growth regulators.
Auxins: A naturally occurring hormone that influences stem growth dramatically. Gibberellins: A naturally occurring hormone that influences stem growth dramatically. Cytokins: A naturally occurring hormone that has no current important agricultural uses. Ethylene: A naturally occurring hormone that is better known for is fruit ripening effect.
Chemical growth regulators are forbidden by law to be used on plants grown for human consumption.
True
In order for a Sequoia tree (a dicotyledonous plant) to reach its massive height and mass, 3 types of meristems must be active for hundreds of years. Identify the type of meristems below.
Apical, Lateral, & Root Meristem
What angle of incidence yields the greatest photosynthetic activity?
90 degrees
Define Stratification
A period of time during which the seeds are imbibed at low temperatures.
Define Vernalization
The promotion of flowering by exposing plants to low temperatures for a length of time.