Thermodynamics
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What is entropy?
A measure of the randomness of energy in a system
What is a feasible reaction?
A reaction that happens on its own account
What Gibbs free energy value means a reaction is feasible?
Negative
What effect does heat have on entropy?
Increases entropy as particles have more random motion
What is the formula for entropy?
Entropy change = Enthalpy change/Temperature (K) Entropy change = products - reactants
What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?
Enthalpy change - (Temperature x Entropy change)
What does the perfect ionic model assume?
-All ions are perfectly spherical -Ions display no covalent character
What is enthalpy of hydration?
The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions is dissolved in water to form one mole of aqueous ions under standard conditions.
What is enthalpy of solution?
The enthalpy change when one mole of ionic solid is dissolved in water to infinite dilution so that the ions no longer interact under standard conditions
What is enthalpy of lattice dissociation?
The energy required to break apart an ionic lattice into its constituent ions in a gaseous state under standard conditions.
What is enthalpy of Lattice formation?
The energy required to form an ionic lattice from its constituent ions in a gaseous state under standard conditions.
What is enthalpy of atomisation?
The energy required for the formation of a mole of gaseous atoms under standard conditions.
What is enthalpy of electron affinity?
The enthalpy change when one mole of electrons is added to a mole of gaseous atoms under standard conditions.
What does the perfect ionic model assume?
-All ions are perfectly spherical -All ions display no covalent character
What is covalent character?
When joined ion have different size and charges causing charge distribution to be uneven