Acids, bases and salt preparations 'checklist dbl'
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an acid is (terms of proton transfer)
proton donor
a base is (terms of proton transfer)
proton acceptor
what ions are produced from alkalis/bases
OH-
what ions are produced from acids
H+
what metals will react with acids
those above hydrogen
when a metal reacts with an acid, what forms
salt + hydrogen
when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal, what are the products
metal chloride + hydrogen
equation for when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal
M+ 2HCl —-> MCl2 + H2
what happens when an acid reacts with a base
neutralisation
when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal, what are the products
metal sulphate + hydrogen
equation for sulfuric acid and metal
M + H2SO4 —> MSO4 +H2
when an acid and a base react, what happens
neutralisation
what type of metals act as bases (2)
metal oxides and hydroxides
an acid and a base react to produce
salt + water
when acids react with metal carbonates, they form
salt + carbon dioxide + water
how can we tell when an acid has reacted with a metal carbonate
from the effervescence of the carbon dioxide gas produced
what is an alkali
a soluble base
bases are usually what types of metals (3)
oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
is ammonia a base
yes, an unusual one
why is ammonia a base
it forms hydroxide ions when it reacts with water
how do you prepare a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant
• add the insoluble reactant in excess so that all the acid has reacted • the excess reactant is removed by filtration to make sure only water and salt are left • water is evaporated by heating until small crystal start to appear (halfway of water evaporated) • leaves for a few days and crystals will form
practical copper sulphate
• add some dilute acid to a beaker and warm with bunsen burner • add copper oxide and stir until ti stops dissolving • filter into evaporating basin o remove excess base • gently heat in water bath to saturate solution • check if solution is saturated by dipping glass rod into solution and seeing if crystals form on end • allow to dry • crystals should be blue