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Exam 2

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Chromosome

Back (Answer)

DNA and histone proteins - cell’s genetic material

#2
Front (Question)

DNA

Back (Answer)

self replicating material that’s the main component of chromosomes, carrier of genetic information

#3
Front (Question)

Nucleotide/Base Pair

Back (Answer)

A, T, C, G - pair together across the strands

#4
Front (Question)

Chromatin

Back (Answer)

makes up chromosomes - DNA and histone proteins

#5
Front (Question)

Genes

Back (Answer)

a distinct sequence of nucleotides on a section of a chromosome

#6
Front (Question)

Autosomes

Back (Answer)

chromosomes that aren’t sex chromosomes

#7
Front (Question)

Sex chromosomes

Back (Answer)

X and Y - determine sex

#8
Front (Question)

mRNA

Back (Answer)

transcribed from DNA, translated into proteins

#9
Front (Question)

protein

Back (Answer)

long folded chain of amino acid

#10
Front (Question)

amino acid

Back (Answer)

monomeric unit of a protein - differentiated by different R groups

#11
Front (Question)

Human genome is packaged into ____ chromosomes

Back (Answer)

46 - diploid,

#12
Front (Question)

haploid human genome contains approximately ____ genes

Back (Answer)

#13
Front (Question)

haploid human genome contains approximately ____ base pairs

Back (Answer)

3 billion

#14
Front (Question)

do you have 23 chromosomes or 46 (or 92)? Explain this question and its answer

Back (Answer)

23 pairs of chromosomes - one set from mom, one set from dad

#15
Front (Question)

how are nucleotides linked together – within a strand?

Back (Answer)

phosphodiester bonds

#16
Front (Question)

what holds base pairs together (A-T or C-G) – between strands?

Back (Answer)

Hydrogen bonds

#17
Front (Question)

Why does it require a higher temperature to “melt” CG bonds than AT bonds? Does heating DNA to these same temperatures break bonds between nucleotides within a single strand?

Back (Answer)

CG bonds are stronger - 3 H bonds vs 2

#18
Front (Question)

transcription vs translation

Back (Answer)

transcription - DNA being copied into mRNA translation - mRNA used as instructions for protein formation

#19
Front (Question)

DNA polymerase

Back (Answer)

enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides

#20
Front (Question)

RNA polymerase

Back (Answer)

enzyme that assembles RNA by copying template strand of DNA

#21
Front (Question)

tRNA

Back (Answer)

brings amino acids to the ribosome for peptide elongation, anti-codon matches with mRNA codon

#22
Front (Question)

ribosomes

Back (Answer)

catalyzes protein synthesis

#23
Front (Question)

Who are some of the scientists who contributed to our current understanding of genetics?

Back (Answer)

Walter Flemming - stages of mitosis Hershey and Chase - DNA is genetic material Watson and Crick - helical structure

#24
Front (Question)

Walter Flemming

Back (Answer)

1882 - described “chromatin threads” and named the stages of mitosis