3.3.4.1 Structure, bonding and reactivity
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What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons Bonding in alkenes involves a double covalent bond, a centre of high electron density
What is the structure of electron density in a double covalent bond?
Overlapping s orbitals form a strong bond due to the electron density between the protons Weaker p orbitals lie above or below the s bond, called a pi bond, area of negativity around it makes it more reactive, electron density is easily accessible
What are the properties of alkenes?
Contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond Unsaturated Have isomers because the double bond can be in different places Rotation is allowed around the single bonds Reactive compounds Don’t burn cleanly Decolourise bromine water Chain length increases as: boiling point increases, viscosity increases, volatility decreases
What are E and Z isomers?
Of the four groups around a double bond, count up the atomic number If the highest groups are on the same side, the isomer is Z If the highest groups are on different sides, the isomer is E
What is the structure of the double carbon bond?
Sigma bond between the nuclei Pi bond above the sigma bond which is weaker