Exercise 9: The Stem
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Give the 2 basic functions of the stem.
• support appendages • translocate water and nutrients
Give the 4 regions common among stems.
• node • internode • terminal region • leaf axil
It refers to the point in the plant body where the leaf is or was attached.
node
It refers to the region in between two consecutive nodes.
internode
It refers to the shoot’s tip.
terminal region/bud
It refers to the region between the stem and the leaf.
leaf axil
It refers to the expanded photosynthetic organ.
leaf
It refers to the plant structure that connects the leaf to the node of the stem.
petiole
It refers to the undeveloped shoots at the terminal and axil regions.
buds
It refers to the part of the stem which marks the position of a previously attached leaf.
leaf scar
It refers to the part of the stem that marks the position of vascular tissues.
bundle scars
It refers to the circular protrusions on the plant body where gas exchange occurs.
lenticels
Give the 8 types of modified stems and their specimens.
• bulbs (onion) • cladode (cactus) • corms (taro) • rhizomes (ginger) • runner or stolon (tropical spiderwort or paspalum) • tendrils (bitter melon or ivy gourd) • thorns (bougainvillea or citrus) • tubers (potato)
TRUE or FALSE: Older corn stems may possess a layer of fibers underneath the epidermis.
True
TRUE or FALSE: The stem vascular tissue takes in the form of vascular bundles scattered across the stem.
True
It refers to the enveloping tissue layer surrounding the vascular bundle of Zea mays.
bundle sheath
The bundle sheath of vascular bundles comprise of which basic cell types?
sclerenchyma or parenchyma cells
What are the components of the phloem in the vascular bundle?
• sieve tube elements • companion cells
TRUE or FALSE: In older Zea mays stems, there may also be phloem fibers between the outermost side of the phloem and the bundle sheath.
True