Review 2 Test 1
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federalism
2 levels of government; each government is sovereign in their own way
unitary government
local government implementing power of federal government; UK: France
Elastic clause
(Article I) rights to implied powers; Congress can make any law necessary and proper to the Union functioning
10th amendment
part of Bill of Rights; power not mentioned in Constitution belongs to states (conflicts with elastic clause)
dual federalism
national and state governments work separately/ each has own responsibility
cooperative federalism
national, state, and local government interact together/ share responsibilities
coercive federalism
federal government is in control
plural executive (Texas)
why power was dispersed in the cabinet of Texas; all cabinet officials are directly elected with own power basis
State Duma
lower House of Russian Parliament
Council of the Federation
Upper house of Russian Parliament
House of Lords
upper powerless house of British Parliament
House of Commons
lower powerful house of British Parliament
Articles of the Confederation
1st Constitution of U.S.; 1781-1789; the reason why they convened at Constitutional Convention in 1787 was to amend the Articles
Supremacy Clause in Constitution
Federal law = Supreme law of land; combined with elastic clause gave rights to the interpretation by the courts of federal government has implied powers
3/5’s Compromise
representation without taxation; 3/5 slaves count as one white male
Bill of Rights
(first 10 amendments) were adopted in order to promote ratification of the Constitution, they were not in original draft
States’ Rights
derived from 10th amendment to the Constitution; argues that states have in distinction from federal government. nullification. states have the right to declare the federal law null and void in their territory
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
debate between the ratification of Constitution and the strengthening of the federal government vs. who didn’t think there were enough guarantees of states and individual rights
nullification
states reserved the rights based upon first 10 amendments
state of nature
political philosophy; Hobbes “world is nasty and brutish” Locke-didn’t think it was a bad place, Roussau “happiness”
natural inalienable rights
Hobbes; Life - Locke; Life, Liberty, Property - Rosseau; Happiness: legitimate authority is based on consent of governed
Divine Rights of Kings
right to rule is derived by Grace of God