Module 2: Microbial Biotechnology

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Process of enzyme production in microorganism:

Back (Answer)

• Identifying the source • Preparation of inoculums (screening, isolation, and cultivation) • Cultivation in large batches • Enzyme recovery • Purification

Front (Question)

Characteristics of an ideal microorganism source of enzymes

Back (Answer)

 Must be stable with respect to productivity  Must be grown in cheap substrate  Must be genetically stable  Must be easy to manipulate genetically  Should not produce toxic products

Front (Question)

___ is the best-known antibiotic-producing genus, generating antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic medicines as well as a variety of other bioactive chemicals such as immunosuppressants

Back (Answer)

Streptomyces

Front (Question)

First commercially produced antibiotic identified by Rene Dubos

Back (Answer)

Tyrothricin

Front (Question)

Tyrothricin is composed of two compounds: ___ and ___

Back (Answer)

gramicidin (20%) tyrocidine (80%)

Front (Question)

____ are added to detergents to increase fabric smoothness and dirt removal without harming the fabric

Back (Answer)

Cellulase

Front (Question)

This enzyme is naturally produced in the body but production of this enzyme slows down with age which leads to skin aging, sun damage, and collagen production.

Back (Answer)

Coenzyme Q10

Front (Question)

Powerful antioxidant that eliminates free radicals promoting cellular health. It does this by converting superoxide into hydroperoxides, a less reactive form

Back (Answer)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Front (Question)

Superoxide may enter into the cytosol via ___

Back (Answer)

chlorine channel (CLC) 3

#10

Front (Question)

Converts hydrogen peroxide into water

Back (Answer)

cytosolic and mitochondrial SOD

#11

Front (Question)

Hydrogen peroxide entry into the cell is via ___

Back (Answer)

aquaporins

#12

Front (Question)

What are co-enzymes required for the activity of cytosolic/mitochondrial SOD?

Back (Answer)

catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase

#13

Front (Question)

Converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide

Back (Answer)

extracellular SOD

#14

Front (Question)

Includes stimulating microbes with chemicals or nutrient to start the cleanup process

Back (Answer)

Biostimulation (intervention is done by adding stimulating compounds)

#15

Front (Question)

This procedure is mostly used to clean up soil pollution, which introduces bacteria to the damaged area surface, where they are allowed to thrive

Back (Answer)

Bioaugmentation (intervention by addition of bacterial species)

#16

Front (Question)

Converts harmful elements into innocuous ones by using the afflicted area’s local microbiome

Back (Answer)

Intrinsic bioremediation (no intervention at all; just local microbiome)

#17

Front (Question)

This method for waste and toxic chemical treatment includes: ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and reduction, and neutralization.

Back (Answer)

Chemical methods

#18

Front (Question)

This method for waste and toxic chemical treatment includes: high temperature incineration that detoxifies certain organic wastes and destroy them

Back (Answer)

thermal methods

#19

Front (Question)

This method for waste and toxic chemical treatment includes: evaporation, sedimentation, flotation, filtration, and solidification.

Back (Answer)

physical treatment

#20

Front (Question)

Consist of common and food-grade aerobic and anaerobic microorganism: photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, streptomyces, actinomyces, and yeast

Back (Answer)

Effective microbes

#21

Front (Question)

Refers to foods for microbes

Back (Answer)

prebiotic

#22

Front (Question)

Refers to live microorganisms

Back (Answer)

Probiotic

#23

Front (Question)

Refers to metabolites produced by microorganisms

Back (Answer)

postbiotic

#24

Front (Question)

Process through which bacteria break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen such as animal manure, wastewater biosolids, food wastes

Back (Answer)

Anaerobic fermentation for biogas