Metals and Materials

Lustre: Metals are shiny when freshly cut. Malleable: Metals can be bent or hammered into a new shape. Ductile: Metals can be stretched into thin wires. Sonorus: Metals make sound when hit. Conductors: Metals are good heat and electrical conductors. They usually have high melting points. They are usually strong and hard. They are dense (heavy for their size).

Lustre: shiny metals such as gold can be used for decorative purposes and jewellery. Ductile: metals can be stretched into any shape for future uses. Conductivity: can be used for pans or wires. Sonorus: May be used for instruments such as gongs. Malleable: to mould metals into specific shapes.

The reactivity series ranks metals by how willingly they react.

A corrosive material is a highly reactive substance.

Rust is the name used when iron (Fe) corrodes. When iron reacts with oxygen it forms iron oxide. It is a reddish orange powder of hydrated iron oxide. Both water and oxygen are needed for iron to rust. Iron will rust when iron atoms give electrons to oxygen atoms that are dissolved in water.

Organic: All compounds that contain the element carbon (excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbonate) Inorganic: All compounds that do not contain the element carbon (excluding carbon dioxide carbon monoxide and carbonate).

An organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon.

Organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane.

Plastics are polymers, monomers are smaller units that make up polymers in a long chain.

Thermoplastic: These become soft when heated and can be remoulded by heart. Thermoset plastic: Once set these cannot be softened or remoulded by heat.

Polymer: PVC monomer: vinyl chloride. Polymer: Polystyrene monomer: styrene

A mixture of different metal elements. They have useful properties different to the pure metals that make them up.

Brass, Copper, Zinc, Bronze, Steel, iron, chronium and nickel.

iron + oxygen –> Iron oxide

Is the name for any reaction where oxygen reacts with another substance it occurs rapidly when we burn something but occurs much more slowly in the case of rusting

Sacrificial protection: When a metal is coated or wrapped with a more reactive metal that gives away its electrons instead. Galvanising: Coating an iron surface with a layer of zinc.

There are a lot of organic compounds because carbon atoms have 4 electrons in its valence shell, meaning it can form 4 covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms.

strong bonds between atoms, as a result of sharing their outermost electron.

Carbohydrates: glucose, sugar, starch, cellulose Fats and plant oils: Essential in all living things Protein: complicated molecules containing the element nitrogen Hydrocarbons: contain the elements hydrogen and carbon only Alcohols: similar to hydrocarbons but they have an -OH group.