human bio
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what is the full name for DNA/ what does it stand for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
what are nucleotides made up of
a (pentos) sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base
what are nucleotides/where are they found in DNA
one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA (and RNA)-what the two strands on either side of the double helix structure are made of
describe the structure of a nucleotide (because I cant put diagrams in to label)
drawn as a large pentagon (pentos sugar) with two connections, typically a rectangle (nitrogenous base) and a visibly smaller circle (phosphate)
what is the full name of the nitrogenous base “A”
Adenine
what is the full name of the nitrogenous base “T”
Thymine
what is the full name of the nitrogenous base “G”
Guanine
what is the full name of the nitrogenous base “C”
Cytosine
describe the appearance of a molecule of DNA
a double helix shape, sort of like a twisted ladder
what makes up the twisted sides of the DNA structure
nucleotides
what makes up the “rungs” of the ladder like shape of DNA
nitrogenous bases (Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine)
what does the base Adenine pair with
Thymine
what does the base Thymine pair with
Adenine
what does the base Cytosine pair with
Guanine
what does the bas Guanine pair with
Cytosine
what holds the nitrogenous bases together
hydrogen bonds
what is a gene
a segment of DNA within a chromosome that carries hereditary information
what is hereditary information
traits and characteristics inherited from your parents
what is a chromosome
coiled structures found inside the nucleus of the cell that contains DNA
what is chromatin
chromosomes when unravelled
how many chromosomes do humans have
46
what is a karyotype
image or diagram of a person’s chromosomes isolated from an individual cell and arranged in numerical order
what is a chromatid
They are two genetically identical halves/strands of DNA of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division
what is a centromere
the centre point of a chromosome, links a pair of sister chromatids together