carboxylic acids
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what are the IUPAC rules for naming carboxylic acids
• select longest chain of carbon atoms starting with the COOH group • remove e and add - oic acid after basic name • number chain nearest COOH • prefix with akyl substituents
name this carboxylic acid HCOOH
methanoic acid (formic acid)
name this carboxylic acid CH3COOH
ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
name this carboxylic acid C6H5COOH
benzene carboxylic acid (benzoic acid)
why do the boiling points of the carboxylic acids increase as chain length increases
due to increased Van Der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding
out of these organic substances which has the highest boiling point: butane propan-1ol ethanoic acid propanal
ethanoic acid (due to the ability to form 2x as many hydrogen bonds than propan-1-ol)
give the solubility of carboxylic acids and explain this property
carboxylic acids are soluble in organic solvents and water as they hydrogen bond
as the mass of carboxylic acid increases why does the solubility of the carboxylic acid decrease?
relying on Van Der Waals to dissolve the longer chain in water and Van Der Waals are constantly breaking and reforming, making these less strong than H bonds But there is 1 H bond and a lot more v.d.w
give the 2 properties of benzene carboxylic acid in terms of solubility and explain these properties
benzene carboxylic acid is fairly insoluble in cold water but soluble in hot water this is because benzoic acid is a non polar molecule as the temperature increases the electrons start to move allowing the hydrogen bonds to form and allows the molecule to do ionisation
explain how carboxylic acids work as acids and give the symbol equation
H+ ions are transferred from COOH group to water CH3COOH + H20 ⇌ CH3COO- + H3O+ CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)
what type of acid are carboxylic acids and how do we know this
weak acids as they don’t completely dissociate ( the double headed arrow shows a partial dissociation)
what is the general word equation for when a: carboxylic acid + metal
carboxylic acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen (MASH)
what is word equation when : ethanoic acid + magnesium
ethanoic acid + magnesium —> magnesium ethanoate + hydrogen
write the symbol equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid and magnesium
2CH3COOH + Mg –> (CH3COO)2 Mg +H2 (g)
what can be observed when magnesium reacts with ethanoic acid
produces a colourless solution of magnesium ethanoate and Hydrogen
what happens in a neutralisation reaction
hydrogen ions from an an acid react with hydroxide ions
are neutralisation reactions endothermic or exothermic
exothermic
finish the word equation for the reaction between: ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide
BASH20 ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide —> sodium ethanoate + H2O
write the symbol equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide
CH3COOH + NaOH –> CH3COONa + H2O
write the general ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) —-> H2O (l)
write a word equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid
(CASH20CO2) sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid —> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
write a symbol equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid
Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH —-> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H20
write the general ionic equation for the reaction of a carbonate and a carboxylic acid
H+ (aq) + HCO3- (s) —> H2O (l) + CO2 (g)