Models of Motor Control - E1
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Define motor control
The study of the nature and cause of movement and movement abnormalities w/time frame of miliseconds or seconds
What is the goal of motor control according to the Systems Model 1 (Shumway-Cook & Woollacott aka SCW)
To accomplish a motor task w/movement organized around a behavioral goal
What is the Systems Model 1 (Shumway-Cook & Woollacott aka SCW)
A Systems-Based Task-Oriented Model focused on the interactions b/t the individual, task, and environment & Pts work on FUNCTIONAL tasks
What is the goal of the Systems Model 2 (Horak)
Movements are organized around a behaviour or goal
What is the Systems Model 2 (Horak)
Movements arise out of an interaction b/t 1) Normal mvmt strategies [Individ] 2) Compensatory strategies [Individ] 3) MSK constraints [Individ] 4) Central set/predicative control [Individ] 5) Environmental adaptation 6) Behavioural goals
When do individuals utilize an ankle strategy
If the surface is firm or the perturbations are small
When do individuals utilize a hip strategy
Softer or less firm surface w/larger perturbations
When do individuals utilize a stepping strategy
With a very pliable surface and the perturbations move COM beyond BOS
In which order does mm recruitment occur?
Distal to proximal w/smaller mm being recruited first
What is a compensatory strategy
It is part of the Systems Model 2 (Horak) that states individuals seek to find the Best solution for what they have
Compensatory v Recovery Focus a) Early vs Later after trauma b) Early v Next v Later
No one right answer - a) Recovery THEN compensation if limited b) Compensation for at home function THEN recovery THEN compensation again
What Q do you ask yourself regarding MSK Constraints? (Horak)
MSK Constraints is a component of Horak’s system model that asks the question of: Is it MSK problem or is Neuro in origin?
Define central set
A component of Horak’s System model that is - An internal model of one’s body dynamics and the dynamics of the external world
Define predictive set
A component of Horak’s System model that is - knowing both your internal model and the effects of the external world well enough to predict accommodations to future events
What is feed-forward balance
ANTICIPATORY postural control where postural responses are made PRIOR to voluntary movement that is potentially destabilizing in order to maintain stability during mvmt
What is feedback balance
REACTIVE balance w/compensatory or reactive postural responses made by sensory feedback from unexpected external perturbations
What should be considered with behavioral goals
Part of Horak’s System model that states PTs must appreciate the organizing influence of a task (Glass to put in dishwasher vs to full vs to drink)
What considerations should be made w/Environmental Adaptations?
Part of Horak’s System model that states it is the therapists responsibility to teach the Pt PROCESS of successful adaptation
What are sensory strategies?
The idea that when a sesne is not providing optimal or accurate info, less “weight” is given to that sense and greater “weight’ is given to the more accurate sense
List some test for the 3 sensory systems
Foam and Dome aka CTSIB (Clinical test for sensory interaction in balance) Balance Master Equitest
What are some rules to consider when having a Pt practice motor control?
PT needs to stress the importance of multiple movement strategies to solve many tasks
What do theories provide us with….
• Framework for interpreting behaviour • Guide for clinical action • New ideas • Working hypothesis for exam and intervention
What is the reflex theory?
(Sir Charles Sherrington) Reflexes are building blocks of behaviour and actions are broken down into a chain of reflexes
What are the limitations of reflex theory?
• What about when there’s no sensory stimulus? • Does not explain rapid stimulus • Does not explain how one stim creates varied responses • Does not explain novel movements