Matter and Minerals
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What is a mineral
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly internal atomic structure and a definite chemical composition
How many criteria must a material satisfy to be considered a mineral
Five
What does naturally occurring mean in the definition of a mineral
Formed by natural processes, not man-made
What does inorganic mean in the definition of a mineral
Not produced by living organisms
Why must a mineral be solid
Minerals must have a definite shape and volume
What does orderly internal structure mean in minerals
Atoms are arranged in a specific, repeating pattern
What does definite chemical composition mean
A mineral has a fixed chemical formula
What are minerals the building blocks of
Rocks
What must exist for rocks to form
Minerals
What are elements
The basic building blocks of minerals
How many elements are listed in the periodic table
More than 100
What are atoms
The smallest particles of matter that have the characteristics of an element
What is found in the nucleus of an atom
Protons and neutrons
What electrical charge do protons have
Positive
What electrical charge do neutrons have
No charge (neutral)
What particles move around the nucleus
Electrons
What electrical charge do electrons have
Negative
What are electron orbits sometimes called
Shells
What makes an atom neutral
Equal number of protons and electrons
What is the atomic number
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus
What does the atomic number identify
The element
How many protons does carbon have
Six
How many protons does oxygen have
Eight
What is the mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons