2.2 Programming Fundamentals

Executing one instruction after another

A program branching depending on a condition IF / ELSE statements.

Repeating sections of code - looping.

FOR loops WHILE loops

AKA count-controlled loops are used when the number of iterations needed are known ahead of the iteration executing.

for i in range(3): print(“Hello”) Hello Hello Hello

Condition-controlled loops are used when the number of iterations needed are not known beforehand as the variable used to determine that changes.

count= 10 while count>0: print(count) count = count-1 print(“Blast off”) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Blast off

String Integer Float Boolean

A whole number, positive or negative. Used for calculations.

A number with a decimal point. Used for calculations.

A set of characters.

TRUE or FALSE. Used to check if something has happened.

A single alphanumeric character.

Converting a variable from one data type to another. x = int(x)

A value stored in memory that can change while the program is running.

A value that does not change while the program is running and is assigned when the program is designed.

Giving a variable or constant a value.

small programs that are written within a larger, main program to perform a specific task.

• Functions • Procedures

Manipulates data and returns a result back to the main program.

function f_to_c(temperature_in_f) temperature_in_f= (temperature_in_f –32) * 5/9 return temperature_in_c endfunction

celsius = f_to_c(32)

A subprogram that performs a specific task. When the task is complete, the subprogram ends and the main program continues from where it left off.