1. Structure

substance where each component exists in clumps. You can also see induvidual components. e.g. oil and water

Substance where each component is evenly distributed. Difficult to identify the induvidual components. e.g. coffee

seperates solvent from a solution

insoluble solid from liquid

Seperating solute from a solution

e.g. ink or coloured compounds

seperates a mixture using boiling points

Seperating insoluble + soluble solids using a solvent

An organic compound found in the rinds of citrus fruits. - strong aroma - has potential health benefits but no groundbreaking evidence

Quality, anything that can be detected by senses

quantity

Deposition

Sublimation

Yes kelvin starts a 0 and goes up to 373.15 where water boils (373.15 diff) Celsius starts at -273.15 and goes to 100 where water boils (373.15 diff)

• Particles aren’t moving • only pure substances taken into account

• Different number of protons. • elements have same proton number but different nucleon number which is an isotope.

Proposed all matter was made up of smaller unites named “atomos” meaning invisible

In 1906 he discovered the electron thinking it was in the nucleus with protons. Made a model known as the plum pudding model

The gold foil experiment was where alpha particles (He2+ particles) were fired into gold foil and there was a large screen to record findings. Very rarely almost 1 in 20,000 the particle would repel or even come back to where the alpha particle were fired. Happened in 1911 WHAT DID THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST? • Most of the atom is empty space. • Positively charged centre with electrons revolving around the nucleus • Size of nucleus is small compared to size of atom

Electrons move around a nucleus but only in prescribed orbits (e.g. 2,8 …) like the solar system the electrons orbit the nucleus like we orbit the sun.

E.g. Magnesium A * MG Z ** • atomic mass (protons + neutrons) ** atomic number (number of protons)

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Radio waves Microwaves Infrared Visible light UV light X-ray Gamma Rays Radio waves to gamma rays frequency increases Gamma rays to radio waves wavelength increases

Section of electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye