Structures

Each atom is surrounded by the other kind of atom Eg, in NaCl, each sodium atom is surrounded by 4 chlorine atoms and vice versa Metal + non metal

Crystalline High melting points (It takes a lot of energy to break the bonds) Conducts electricity when liquid (Ions are able to move and carry the current/charge) Does not conduct electricity when solid (Ions are fixed in position) Soluble in water

Strong covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule, Eg. O=C=O (carbon dioxide) Weak intermolecular forces between molecules called van der Waals. Eg. Water, carbon dioxide, iodine Non metal + non metal

Low melting and boiling points Do not conduct electricity Not very soluble in water Soft when solid.

Diamond Graphite Graphene (All allotropes of carbon) NON METAL + NON METAL

Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms

Very high melting and boiling points Diamond does not conduct electricity Insoluble in water Diamond extremely hard Used in drill bits

Each atom is covalently bonded to 3 others Arranged in hexagonal patterns in layers

Conducts electricity, as they have delocalised electrons Slippery soft solid as layers can slide over each other. Used as a lubricant or in pencils.

Single atom thick Strong covalent bonds between atoms Arranged in hexagons/two dimensional Each atom connected to 3 others

Conducts heat and electricity efficiently Nearly transparent 100 times stronger than steel Very thin, light and inexpensive Used in solar cells, LEDs, touch panels, and smart windows or phones.

Strong metallic bonds Positive ions arranged in rows Free electrons (from outer shells) Metal + metal WHEN ASKED TO DESCRIBE THE BONDING AMD STRUCTURE OF A METAL, WRITE THIS DEFINITION NEXT TO THE DIAGRAM. The bonding in metals is metallic and it gives a giant metallic lattice. The metallic bond is the attraction between.

High melting points Conducts electricity Conducts heat Malleable Ductile

Different forms of the same element in the same physical state (Eg. Diamond, graphite and graphene are all allotropes of carbon)

Can be drawn out into wires

Can be hammered into shape

The attraction between delocalised electrons and the positive ions in a regular lattice

Yes