Chapter 2 Atoms and Mass
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What is an isotope of an element?
Isotopes are different atomic forms of the same element, with the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons
What is an ion?
A charged particle, has a different amount of electrons to protons. Proton number never changes
Describe the properties of different isotopes and why they occur
Isotopes have the same chemical properties as each other, as they have the same number of electrons. Electrons govern chemical reactions, therefore they have the same reactions Isotopes have different physical properties as they have a different mass to each other. For example, larger isotopes have more more as neutrons, so are dense
What is the mass and charge of the fundamental particles?
Neutron M=1 C=0 Proton M=1 C=+1 Electron M=1/1836 C=-1
Why is the mass of the fundamental particles relative?
Actual size is very very small, difficult numbers to work with The relative charge and size of is dependent on each of the particles
What is one mass unit equivalent to?
1 u = 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Define relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Define relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon 12
How do mass spectrometers work for isotopes?
Sample vaporised, bombarded with electrons to form 1+ ions Accelerated- depending on mass, accelerated more or less, separates isotopes Abundances produced
How do you calculate the mass of an element based on abundances?
Mr= Mass 1 x Abundance 1 + Mass 2 x Abundance 2 …/ 100
What is a binary ionic compound?
A compound containing only two elements. Metal + non-metal ide
What is formula for Phosphate, Nitrite, Sulfite and Dichromate
PO4 3- NO2 1- SO3 2- Cr207 2-
What is the formula for permanganate and Hydrogen Carbonate?
MnO4 - HCO3 -
What is a formula unit ?
What is used to represent ionic compounds in equation, simplest whole number ratio of elements in the compound
What is A equivalent to in the periodic table?
Molar Mass
What is Z equivalent to?
Atomic Number
What are the units of relative atomic mass?
No Units
What are the units of molar mass?
G/mol
Units of molecular mass/ relative formula mass?
No units
What is the mass number of an element?
The number of protons + number of neutrons