MODULE 2: Atoms, Ions and Compounds
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What are the sub-atomic components of the atom?
Protons, electrons and neutrons
What are the relative masses of the sub-atomic atom?
Neutrons and protons are about 1, and electrons are negligible
What are the charges of the sub-atomic components of the atom?
Proton is positive, electron is negative and neutrons are neutral
What separates elements?
The number of protons
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What is the difference between isotopes and their respective elements?
Small differences in density, melting/boiling point but all the chemical reactions are the same
What are cations?
Positive ions (atoms that have lost an electron)
What are anions?
Negative ions (atoms that have gained an electron)
What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12
What is relative atomic mass?
The mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12
What does weighted mean mass (relative atomic mass) take into account?
Percentage abundance of each isotope and relative isotopic mass of each isotope
What is the formula for mass-to-charge ratio?
relative mass of an ion/relative charge of an ion
What is the equation for finding out relative atomic mass?
(isotope abundance x isotopic mass) + (isotope abundance x isotopic mass) / 100
What is the charge of hydrogen?
H+
What is the charge of silver?
Ag+
What is the charge of zinc?
Zn 2+
What is the charge of aluminium?
Al 3+
What is the charge of nitrogen?
N 3-
What is the charge of phosphourous?
P 3-
What is the charge of sulfur?
S 2-
What is the charge of ammonium?
NH4 +
What is the charge of hydroxide?
OH -
What is the charge of nitrate?
NO3 -
What is the charge of nitrite?
NO2 -