the periodic table
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what do periods indicate
the number of energy levels in an atom
what do group numbers indicate
the number of valence electrons
group 1 properties
-low melting boiling points -low densities -good conductors react with oxygen to form metal oxide -react with acid to give salt and hydrogen -react with water to give metal hydroxide and gas
group 1 trends
• reactivity increases down the group • softness increases down the group • melting and boiling points decrease down the group • densities increase down the group
group 7 properties
• diatomic in nature • do not conduct electricity • sparingly soluble in water
group 7 at rtp
• chlorine is a yellow-green gas • bromine is reddish-brown liquid • iodine is black solid
trends group 7
• reactivity decreases down the group • density increases down the group • colour of elements become darker the group
transition metals physical properties
• harder, tougher, stronger • high melting and boiling point • high densities
transition metals chemical properties
• less reactive than group 1 metals • form coloured compounds • act as catalysts • have variable oxidation states
noble gases
• unreactive, monoatomic gases • completley filled outer shells • group 0/group VIII • used to provide an inert atmosphere (helium baloons, argon lamps)